# Grammar for Python 3.0rc1 # Note: Changing the grammar specified in this file will most likely # require corresponding changes in the parser module # (../Modules/parsermodule.c). If you can't make the changes to # that module yourself, please co-ordinate the required changes # with someone who can; ask around on python-dev for help. Fred # Drake will probably be listening there. # NOTE WELL: You should also follow all the steps listed in PEP 306, # "How to Change Python's Grammar" # Start symbols for the grammar: # single_input is a single interactive statement; # file_input is a module or sequence of commands read from an input file; # eval_input is the input for the eval() and input() functions. # NB: compound_stmt in single_input is followed by extra NEWLINE! single_input ::= NEWLINE | simple_stmt | compound_stmt NEWLINE file_input ::= (NEWLINE | stmt)* ENDMARKER eval_input ::= testlist NEWLINE* ENDMARKER decorator ::= '@' dotted_name [ '(' [arglist] ')' ] NEWLINE decorators ::= decorator+ decorated ::= decorators (classdef | funcdef) funcdef ::= 'def' NAME parameters ['->' test] ':' suite parameters ::= '(' [typedargslist] ')' typedargslist ::= ((tfpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' [tfpdef] (',' tfpdef ['=' test])* [',' '**' tfpdef] | '**' tfpdef) | tfpdef ['=' test] (',' tfpdef ['=' test])* [',']) tfpdef ::= NAME [':' test] varargslist ::= ((vfpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' [vfpdef] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',' '**' vfpdef] | '**' vfpdef) | vfpdef ['=' test] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',']) vfpdef ::= NAME stmt ::= simple_stmt | compound_stmt simple_stmt ::= small_stmt (';' small_stmt)* [';'] NEWLINE small_stmt ::= (expr_stmt | del_stmt | pass_stmt | flow_stmt | import_stmt | global_stmt | nonlocal_stmt | assert_stmt) expr_stmt ::= testlist (augassign (yield_expr|testlist) | ('=' (yield_expr|testlist))*) augassign ::= ('+=' | '-=' | '*=' | '/=' | '%=' | '&=' | '|=' | '^=' | '<<=' | '>>=' | '**=' | '//=') # For normal assignments, additional restrictions enforced by the interpreter del_stmt ::= 'del' exprlist pass_stmt ::= 'pass' flow_stmt ::= break_stmt | continue_stmt | return_stmt | raise_stmt | yield_stmt break_stmt ::= 'break' continue_stmt ::= 'continue' return_stmt ::= 'return' [testlist] yield_stmt ::= yield_expr raise_stmt ::= 'raise' [test ['from' test]] import_stmt ::= import_name | import_from import_name ::= 'import' dotted_as_names # note below: the ('.' | '...') is necessary because '...' is tokenized as ELLIPSIS import_from ::= ('from' (('.' | '...')* dotted_name | ('.' | '...')+) 'import' ('*' | '(' import_as_names ')' | import_as_names)) import_as_name ::= NAME ['as' NAME] dotted_as_name ::= dotted_name ['as' NAME] import_as_names ::= import_as_name (',' import_as_name)* [','] dotted_as_names ::= dotted_as_name (',' dotted_as_name)* dotted_name ::= NAME ('.' NAME)* global_stmt ::= 'global' NAME (',' NAME)* nonlocal_stmt ::= 'nonlocal' NAME (',' NAME)* assert_stmt ::= 'assert' test [',' test] compound_stmt ::= if_stmt | while_stmt | for_stmt | try_stmt | with_stmt | funcdef | classdef | decorated if_stmt ::= 'if' test ':' suite ('elif' test ':' suite)* ['else' ':' suite] while_stmt ::= 'while' test ':' suite ['else' ':' suite] for_stmt ::= 'for' exprlist 'in' testlist ':' suite ['else' ':' suite] try_stmt ::= ('try' ':' suite ((except_clause ':' suite)+ ['else' ':' suite] ['finally' ':' suite] | 'finally' ':' suite)) with_stmt ::= 'with' test [ with_var ] ':' suite with_var ::= 'as' expr # NB compile.c makes sure that the default except clause is last except_clause ::= 'except' [test ['as' NAME]] suite ::= simple_stmt | NEWLINE INDENT stmt+ DEDENT test ::= or_test ['if' or_test 'else' test] | lambdef test_nocond ::= or_test | lambdef_nocond lambdef ::= 'lambda' [varargslist] ':' test lambdef_nocond ::= 'lambda' [varargslist] ':' test_nocond or_test ::= and_test ('or' and_test)* and_test ::= not_test ('and' not_test)* not_test ::= 'not' not_test | comparison comparison ::= star_expr (comp_op star_expr)* comp_op ::= '<'|'>'|'=='|'>='|'<='|'!='|'in'|'not' 'in'|'is'|'is' 'not' star_expr ::= ['*'] expr expr ::= xor_expr ('|' xor_expr)* xor_expr ::= and_expr ('^' and_expr)* and_expr ::= shift_expr ('&' shift_expr)* shift_expr ::= arith_expr (('<<'|'>>') arith_expr)* arith_expr ::= term (('+'|'-') term)* term ::= factor (('*'|'/'|'%'|'//') factor)* factor ::= ('+'|'-'|'~') factor | power power ::= atom trailer* ['**' factor] atom ::= ('(' [yield_expr|testlist_comp] ')' | '[' [testlist_comp] ']' | '{' [dictorsetmaker] '}' | NAME | NUMBER | STRING+ | '...' | 'None' | 'True' | 'False') testlist_comp ::= test ( comp_for | (',' test)* [','] ) trailer ::= '(' [arglist] ')' | '[' subscriptlist ']' | '.' NAME subscriptlist ::= subscript (',' subscript)* [','] subscript ::= test | [test] ':' [test] [sliceop] sliceop ::= ':' [test] exprlist ::= star_expr (',' star_expr)* [','] testlist ::= test (',' test)* [','] dictorsetmaker ::= ( (test ':' test (comp_for | (',' test ':' test)* [','])) | (test (comp_for | (',' test)* [','])) ) classdef ::= 'class' NAME ['(' [arglist] ')'] ':' suite arglist ::= (argument ',')* (argument [','] |'*' test (',' argument)* [',' '**' test] |'**' test) # Really [keyword '='] test argument ::= test [comp_for] | test '=' test comp_iter ::= comp_for | comp_if comp_for ::= 'for' exprlist 'in' or_test [comp_iter] comp_if ::= 'if' test_nocond [comp_iter] testlist1 ::= test (',' test)* # not used in grammar, but may appear in "node" passed from Parser to Compiler encoding_decl ::= NAME yield_expr ::= 'yield' [testlist]